Mediation and Advocacy Integration of mediation and advocacy within a human services agency

Through exploring information from different sources to find the underlying idea that is connecting the sources and the availability of information Pertaining current trends though advocacy and mediation in the human services agencies. Therefore, my prime objective is to review various spectrums of mediation and advocacy to the human services and provide knowledgeable understanding of the positive impact of integration.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mediation and Advocacy: Integration of mediation and advocacy within a human services agency specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To begin with, the definition of mediation refers to an act of a neutral third party who enters into negotiations with two or more conflicting parties. The aim of the mediator is find ways of initiating dialogue hence enhancing communication. This is done by trying to come up with an agreement or conclusion over a conflict existing between th e parties (Barsky2007). To advocate is to work on behalf of a Client in solving of cases. The advocate tries to foster a different type of relationship or employ Strategies that are likely to be appropriate depending on the issue at hand (Barsky2000). Human services agencies refer to organizations whose objective is to assist individuals improve the quality of their lives. The aim of advocates is to meet the need of the individuals though advocating for them where necessary. Advocacy and mediation are integrated into different dimensions of the human Services, it is within a human service agency on a national or international level that requires an individual who is ethical, knowledgeable, open-minded and understanding. This individual has a clearly defined stance for personal beliefs in an organization while advocating for Individuals depend on mediators. Hence advocates enlighten them of their rights and protection in order for them to seek justice where necessary. Many people pre fer advocate’s assistance due to their lack of knowledge of laws and procedures to be followed when seeking for justice and protection. The means of communication at this stage are advocated and mediated on to ensure that the relationship between parties remains intact, and solutions to their grievances are accepted by the both parties (The Association of Attorney-Mediators, 2001). This makes sure that the solution agreed upon by the conflicting parties in the presence of the mediator is respected. Therefore, my opinion is that mediation and advocacy is crucial in numerous dimensions and to be specific in the human service field. There are various conflicts that could not be resolved if somebody did not intervene to mediate. Many individuals’ rights could have been obliged, and not even an ounce of justice extended to those who deserve it in various situations.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first p aper with 15% OFF Learn More In accordance to that a win-win situation can be established in various fields, for example, in parenthood, the National Casa Association is an organization that provides volunteers to assist the abused and neglected children. Besides, if it were not for mediation between the officials in other states, planning for Parenthood could become none exist. Victim Offender Mediation Association (VOMA) is a program that allows the person who offends others to come face to face with their victim. Trained mediators bring together the conflicting parties together to discuss along with family and friends. In the meeting, they discuss the effects of the crime committed also find a mutual plan to compensate the victim for the losses suffered due to the crime. Conclusively, this integration of advocacy and mediation has led to the general contribution of the wellness of human service agencies. This has enabled many individuals who take actions of seeking for a dvocates to protect their rights. It has also helped to resolve conflicts in the society through mediators, where by preventing the worst case scenarios. Works Cited Barsky, Allen. E. Conflict Resolution for the Helping Professions. Belmont: Wadsworth.2007.Print. The Association of Attorney-Mediators. Association of Attorney-Mediators Ethical Guidelines for Mediators. 2001. Web.1 December 2011. This essay on Mediation and Advocacy: Integration of mediation and advocacy within a human services agency was written and submitted by user Sarah Watson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Reflection on Hamlet Essays

Reflection on Hamlet Essays Reflection on Hamlet Essay Reflection on Hamlet Essay Essay Topic: Hamlet In regards to the Shakespearean play Hamlet, over the years as interpretations of a variety of elements have changed the structures, features and the timeless issues have remained similar in content. These timeless issues are untouched by context as the human condition and the quest for satisfaction has remained unfaltering. In relation to context there are two major differing contexts in which the play can be viewed. These are the Elizabethan viewpoint and that of todays society. To the Elizabethan audience the play of Hamlet was a text of moral instruction whilst the context of todays society is that Hamlet is the study of the individual. This essay will outline what has been learnt throughout the course of Hamlet with references to the two main differing contexts. The Elizabethan context conveys a theme of Christian Redemptive message where Gods plan always prevails no matter what obstacles were presented. Therefore sin was punished and virtue rewarded. My understanding of this is in Hamlet it is that of rationalizing of behavior before impulsive action that affirms the values of the era. This is apparent through a variety of quotes such as to be or not to be, Alexander died, Alexander was buried, Alexander returneth to dust. This shows Hamlets journey through the Christian message. Although the character of Hamlet procrastinates it is justified by his duty to God and religion. Through the quotes of or that the everlasting shows his devotion to God and fails to commit suicide. Another example is whilst Claudius is praying; although he fails to repent Hamlet is unable to murder him (whilst seeking vengeance) because Claudius appears to be repenting his sins. Hamlet is the study of the individual and how they attempt to balance internal desires and external pressures. Regardless of time/place the individual will always struggle with the balance of internal vs. external pressures. This is also apparent in Hamlet as the character Hamlet is unable to commit suicide as he has a duty to God. gainst self-slaughter. And thus he fails to suppress his internal desires too end it right now. Through humanity it is clear that there are many issues the individual face, these include suicide, duty, death and individuality/reality. These pressures provide the characters with a mean to express their viewpoints. In regards to the play, the characters of Polonius has suppressed his internal desires and replaced it with that of external pressures. He tells everybody what they want to hear as thus enables his own desires to be satisfied in an obscure manner. The quote very much like a whale, shows this and enables the audience to see the contrast in his character. The play has remained relevant over the years as the elements of human nature have remained constant. These elements include, quest for individuality, quest to understand death, quest for balance in life, pressures exerted on us both by internal and external forces. As human beings develop there is always a pursuit for satisfaction in life, the belief that there is something more to life than our selves. This is also apparent in the play Hamlet. When an audience member dwells upon the ideas that are present within the play, such as suicide, duty, illusion, death/heaven/hell, love, faith/religion it is clear that your personal understanding will make you question and re-think you ideas about them. To conclude it is clear that throughout time the themes, structure and relevance of the play has remained constant. The ever-changing values of the audience have changed, shifting the ideas that they bring forth thus creating new meanings. Although the play Hamlet can be seen in a variety of manners it is apparent that through the exploration of the characters/themes many new understandings of things in your own day to day life such as death/duty/reality enable us to perceive them in a more in-depth manner.

Accounting Study Essay Example for Free (#2)

Accounting Study Essay ? a) The ethical issue is the corporate reporting department is not recording the late entries and reporting incorrect numbers on purpose. b) Troy Normand is acting immorally because as a manager he is not making sure that the numbers are being recorded correctly. c) I would have done what a manager supposed to do and make sure the numbers and late entries are being recorded correctly. d) The major stakeholders are the employees. 1) Relevance- accounting information must be capable of making a difference in a decision. Predictive value, confirmatory value, and materiality help make up relevance. 2) Faithful representation- that the numbers and descriptions match what really existed or already happened. Completeness, neutrality, free from error help make up faithful representation. 3) Understandability- decision makers vary widely in the types of decisions they make, how they make decisions, the information they already possess or can obtain from other sources, and their ability to process the information. The quality of information that lets reasonably informed users see its significance. 4) Comparability- Information that is measured and reported in a similar manner for different companies is considered comparable. Enables users to identify the real similarities and differences in economic events between companies. 5) Consistency- is presented when a company applies the same accounting treatment to similar events, from period to period. Through such application, the company shows consistent use o f accounting standards. 1) If I want to buy shares in Pepsi Co I will sacrifice faithful representation for a gain from relevance. I can check the predictive value,  confirmatory value, and materiality of the company for the future value. 2) If I am choosing between two companies General Motors and Toyota I sacrifice relevance and chose consistency to see which company shows consistent use of accounting standards from period to period, to help me make my decision. 3) I am looking to invest in either Toyota or General Motors I sacrifice consistency and gain from using comparability. I can see the differences in the similar companies in a similar manner. 4) If I own shares in General Electric and I see that General Electric issues a three month report that shows interim earnings have declined significantly. I will sacrifice relevance and gain from understandability because of the information and sell my shares. C c) The Decision Usefulness criterion should be used to evaluate trade-offs between information characteristics. a) Realized or realizable, earned. A company realizes revenue when it exchanges products, merchandise, or other assets for cash or claims to cash. Revenue is realizable when the assets received or held are readily convertible into cash or claims to cash. A company delays recognition of revenues until earned. Revenues are considered earned when the company substantially accomplishes what it must do to entitle to the benefits represented by the revenues. B 1) Revenue is realized because it exchanges products for a claim to cash. 2) Revenue is realizable because of the claims to cash and the publication of the magazine every month. 3) Revenue is earned because the company accomplished what it must do to be entitled to the benefits. Accounting Study. (2016, Oct 18).

Conway Inn - Conway, Tx Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conway Inn - Conway, Tx - Research Proposal Example Customer service quality raises issues for almost every hospitality company in some way or other (Hartline, Woolridge, & Jones, 2003). Although the management of Conway Inn takes good care of every business process to meet the required standards of quality, but there is an area which still needs some focus in order to bring it in line with the quality of all other business process. The area which needs improvement is the customer service area the quality of which has gone down a little in the past couple of years. Customers have made complaints about the behavior, food serving, and room service of the employees of the hotel. The management of the hotel needs to resolve these customer service quality issues in order win the trust of the precious customers and protect the customer base. It is essential for a company from the hospitality industry to implement a well-developed quality management system because it helps in attracting and retaining customers, as well as in gaining competitive advantage in the market. Quality management system is implemented in a company to ensure that the quality of the products and services meet the standards. It acts as the foundation for an organization’s success because without the implementation of an effective quality management system, an organization cannot become able to ensure the optimum level of quality in its business processes. Quality management in hotel industry improves overall business performance (Dulcic & Zilic, 2010). Some of the main benefits that Conway Inn can get from the implementation of a quality management system include increase lower costs of quality, improved quality of services, improve level of customer satisfaction, improved company image, increased return in investment, increased customer base , improved employee morale, and increased organizational productivity and profitability. In our case, decreasing customer satisfaction due to

The Law Of The Contract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Law Of The Contract - Essay Example Owing to this delay and damages, the firm suffered losses for not being able to complete the job in time. Dodgy Developers then decided to holdback payments of bills and in addition intended to claim losses from the supplier. In reply, Office Supplies asked for full payment and indicated that reimbursement of any losses is not a binding as per their 'Terms & Conditions 'of contract which state as below: Following these developments, Dodgy Developers desired to seek expert advises on the applicability of the above clause in particular. The following sections attempt to analyze and assess the situation for Dodgy Developers under the ambit of the 'English Contract Law' and advice appropriate line of action. required goods. The supplier or trader is 'Office Supplies' who further appointed an independent agent called 'Shifty Shifters' for transporting and delivering goods (workstations) to the buyer. The urgency of the project required Dodgy developers to call on their known supplier (had earlier business relations) 'Office Supplies' for supply of required workstations positively by 28th November. Office Supplies promptly expressed their acceptance by sending standard 'Terms & Conditions' of contracts. Under these circumstances this is a combination of oral and written contract and as both the supplier and buyer intended to conduct business, it is a valid contract [2]. The point here is that this is more of a unilateral contract on the supplier's terms and conditions and here 'time is the essence of contract' [3]. Another important point is that the supplier and purchaser having done such business before, are known to each other and under the eye of the law this is undoubtedly a "special relationship" validating the 'duty of care' [4] where both parties are required to proceed with a caring attitude of business dealings (For example see-Hedley Byrne & Co v Heller and Partners (1964). Here, the buyer was only prudent to rely on Office Supplies, his special sourcing point as he did on many previous occasions and under this condition the supplier is also expected, though not compulsorily, to extend a mutually risk-free and friendly term of contract. Esthetically, trust should not be responded by mistrust or by any terms protecting or camouflaging negligent conduct. The Applicable Laws & Legislations The principal laws governing contract in the UK are- the sale of goods Act, 1979, the supply of goods and services Act, 1982, Unfair contract terms Act, 1977 and the Unfair Terms in consumer contracts Regulations, 1994 [1]. However, in case of business-contract (as in this case), the supplier and the buyer can mutually and knowingly declare to impose some restriction clauses or provisions as 'Terms and Conditions' of contracts. Importantly, a trader dealing with a consumer, or dealing with any customer on his own written standard terms of business, cannot exclude or restrict his liability for breach of contract or allow himself to provide an inadequate service unless he can show that the clause satisfies the "test of reasonableness" [5]. Thus, even tough the case is legal; the supplier may not breach any common law duty in the form of protection clauses or terms and conditi

The Brain Left vs Right Essay Example for Free

The Brain Left vs Right Essay The brain is a continually researched part of the human anatomy. With advances in technology, medicine and psychology it has been continually researched. The current science we have now reveals many things about the brain, such as there are two hemispheres in the brain, the left side and the right side. How much truth is there behind certain hemispheres impacting learning differently? In this essay we will take a look at each hemisphere separately, together and there correlation to learning determining and evaluate any actual facts. The left hemisphere of the brain is assumed to control certain functions more so than the right side. The left brain is often more associated with tasks involving logic, analytical thinking, and language. Much of the research is controversial as to if each hemisphere is different, and unique. Hines (1987) states, clearly there â€Å"are differences between the two hemispheres of the human brain† in regards to how â€Å"they process information.† This being said if the left hemisphere is mainly in charge of language and logic, what is the right responsible for? The right hemisphere is thought to control expressive and creative tasks such as emotional, creativity, music etc†¦ There have been multiple studies that point towards each hemisphere having more control over certain areas than others. That being said there is controversy that you are using both hemispheres equally. There are many theories out there but no one hundred percent facts yet. With this in mind is either side more advantageous in regards to learning? The hemispheres usually work together in every aspect, they work together to create the best outcome. In order to read, for instance, a person needs to constantly access both the left and right hemispheres of the brain simultaneously. The brain has something called the corpus callosum, a bundle of nerve fibers. This is what allows the two brain hemispheres to communicate and transfer information freely. Brain Yochim et al. â€Å"†¦hypothesized that the RH [right hemisphere] performs a â€Å"coarse grain† analysis from which the LH[left hemisphere], which performs a â€Å"fine grain† analysis, then selects the most appropriate interpretation.†. Obviously the brain functions as a whole but is either side more advantageous in regards to learning? Then if each of the hemispheres of our brain has certain functions or specialties, this would make the brain avoid duplication of function. According to Ann Hermann-Nehdi â€Å"the brain functions as a whole, not two individual parts-has evolved into a useful framework for learning and performance.†(2010). The hemispheres work together making all learning a combination of the left and right hemispheres. There is however, a tendency if you will for one hemisphere to be more dominant. The dominant hemisphere directly effects how each individual will respond to new experiences and learning techniques. With this knowledge in mind we are better able to decide the style of learning to pursue. There has been and will be continuous research into the anatomy of the brain. The brain in its complexity may one day be figured out. When that one day comes maybe the facts will push humanity even further toward greatness. The two hemispheres of the brain may be responsible for different things, but both are used. In regards to learning that is also the case, we use both hemispheres and different learning styles to create the most logical interpretation of the presented information. The brain is a complex organ and the continual advances in science and technology may one day lead our knowledge of learning even further.

Setting and Its Effect on Understanding Young Goodman Brown Essay

Setting and its Effect on Understanding Young Goodman Brown   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every tale ever told shares similar formal elements. All of these formal elements have equally important consequence on a story. The setting of a story has direct correlations to the way that the reader consumes the meaning of the story. The setting in Young Goodman Brown allows its author, Nathaniel Hawthorne, to leave the ending ambiguous, without closure. The reader is constantly expected to decide for themselves truth. Literal interpretation, widely accepted after its initial publication, respected the story as a puritan fable. The message of which: Without faith in God you are defenseless against the evils of the world. This paper is written with the understanding that Young Goodman Brown left his faith at home and ventured to meet the devil in the godless wild. The devil has earned a reputation of being the worst of all tricksters. On the worst night of the year, along the scariest path outside of the birthplace of American witches, Young Goodman Brown met the devil and the devil played a terrible trick on him, or did he? Whether this apparition was a dream or a reality, the devil cursed Young Goodman Brown with a life long distrust of all those around him for his troubles. The setting of Young Goodman Brown is essential in achieving the uncertainty of actual events regarding the end of the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If we believe that God above is the all powerful goo...

Psych Exam

Psychology is best defined as the science of behavior and mental processes. A cognitive psychologist would be most likely to design a study of the processes involved in decision making. Roy is interested in the details of the relationship between the brain structures and behavior. Roy is most likely a biological psychologist. The tasks of an industrial/organizational psychologist Include Improving supervisors' leadership skills, creating maximum-efficiency work groups, and suggesting other research-based programs designed to Increase efficiency.An Industrial/organizational psychologist doing cross-cultural work finds that In Country Llama, the workers have the highest Job satisfaction when they are rewarded for their accomplishments and quality of work. Country Llama probably has an Individualist culture. Dan performs the same experiment on several different occasions. Each time he performs the experiment, his data suggests different conclusions.The results from Dawn's experiment lac k reliability. Tall Is Interested In how alcohol consumption affects driving ability. He gives college students two, four, or six beers and then assure how many obstacles the students â€Å"hit† when they are in a driving simulator. The dependent variable is the number of obstacles hit. Dry. Summers investigated the influence of snacking on the onset of sleep in preschool children.One group of preschoolers ate a candy bar prior to bedtime, the other group ate nothing. Time until the onset of sleep was recorded for each child. In his experiment, eating or not eating the snack is the independent variable, and the time until the onset of sleep is the dependent variable. Cine operated the telephone switchboard t a large company, answering calls and directing them to the appropriate extensions.Remembering her introductory to psychology class, she decided that her situation was much like that of the dendrites and axons of neurons, because numerous people could call her at one time, but she could send out only one call at a time. Since Gordon sustained sever head trauma, he can no longer perform basic sewing tasks such as treading a needle. When he tries to play the piano, it is as if his fingers do not remember how to make the necessary movements, even for pieces he has known for years. Gordon most likely has damage to his cerebellum.

Erp Question Paper

ERP Question Paper Q. I . (A) Write a note on business modeling? (5) (B) What is the impact of Internet and World Wide Web on ERP products? (5) (C) Explain the concept of Supply Chain Management? State its benefits? (5) (D) Write short note on GAP analysis? (5) (or) (D)Explain integrated business model? (5) Q. II . (A)Explain direct and indirect benefits of ERP? (7) (B)Explain Financial Accounting Module? (7) (C) What is BPR? (6) Q. III . (A) Discuss the purchase order management process? (7) (B)What is data mining? (6) (C)Give importance of package evaluation in the ERP implementation lifecycle? 7) Q. IV. (A)Write a short note on MIS? How it differs from data processing system? (7) (B)Explain any 2 subsystems under HR module? (7) (C)What are the drawbacks of in-house development of ERP? (6) Q. V. (A)Differentiate between Data Mining & Data Warehousing? (7) (B)Describe functions of material management? (7) (C) Write a short note on OLAP? (6) Q. VI . (A)Why end-user training is said t o be critical to the success of ERP implementation? (6) (B)Explain the function of shipping module? (6) (C)Explain different phases of ERP implementation lifecycle? (8) Q. VII . (A) Write short notes on :- (8) i)EIS (Executive Information System) (ii)DSS (Decision Support System ) (B) Distinguish between OLAP & OLTP? (6) (C)Why do ERP implementations fail? (6) Q. VIII . (A)ERP Systems are superior to any legacy system. Explain? (6) (B)How ERP package is evaluated? (8) (C)Explain General Ledger in detail? (6) Q. IX . (A)Describe the vendor evaluation and inventory management activity of material management? (6) (B)Explain how ERP forces the best of practices? (6) (C)Write short note on Lead time and Data Warehousing ? (8) Q. X . (A)Discuss the reasons for the growth of ERP market? (8) B)Describe the role of the vendor? (6) (C)How is Business Integration achieved through ERP? (6) Q. XI . (A) Justify the statement â€Å"The success of ERP evaluation is in the hand of end-users†? (8) (B)Describe the advantages of ERP? (8) (C)Write short note on Just In Time(JIT) inventory? (4) Q. XII . (A)Explain order management in Sales & Distribution module? (8) Q. XIII . (A)How the ERP package is evaluated? ( 7) (A)Short note on Implementation team training? (5) (A)Explain the role of end user in ERP implementation? (6) (A)What is the purpose of GAP analysis and how the Gaps are fixed? (7)

Racism - Information Essay essays

Racism - Information Essay essays Racism has existed for centuries, but during the last two hundred years hatred toward ethnic minorities or even majorities has fluctuated. Racism occurs all over the world, can happen to anyone and will always exist. There are three different forms of racism, open racism, violent racism and secret racism all express forms of hatred towards ethnic groups. These forms of racism, although different, all have the same main purpose, to promote hate towards ethnic groups. Open racism expresses freedom of racial thought and speech. In America it is allowed due to the First Amendment that protects political views on racism. The American National Party and various other parties come under this protection, and so does the British National Party and the National Front. We do not have a First Amendment, but these obviously racist parties still exist. Open racists promote their views through propaganda, but soon may die out as it becomes socially unacceptable. Violent racism promotes racism through violence and fear. This form of racism is not allowed because it promotes violence to express its ideas. Unfortunately, many violent racial groups claim they do not promote violence, and therefore they are allowed because not enough sufficient evidence exists to prove their violent intent. Secret racism expresses ideas of racism in hidden ways and sometimes, secret racists are not aware that they are racist. People nowadays do not express their dislike of minorities and are not prepared to show a feeling that could be called racist. Avoiding minorities on the street and low pay to an employee of a minority are examples of secret racism. This form of racism is the most common today. However, back in the nineteenth century, violent and open racism was widespread.The Ku Klux Klan originated in the southern states of the US during the Reconstruction following the American Civil War. The original Klan was set up in Pulaski, Tennessee, on...

IS HRM A SPECIALIST ROLE, OR SHOULD IT AND CAN IT BE LEFT TO THE LINE Essay

IS HRM A SPECIALIST ROLE, OR SHOULD IT AND CAN IT BE LEFT TO THE LINE MANAGER - Essay Example The human resource manager is a very vital part of the company he follows and keeps updates on all aspects of a company and its staff right from the time they apply for a job till the time they get hired. They keep checks on any and all training and development that is necessary and make all necessary amendments. The question these days has come about regarding the necessity of human resource departments and managers. And the similar curiosity as to whether there is actual need for a separate department or not It is also common wondering whether the role of the human resource manager is a specialist role or can it and should it be fulfilled by a line manager. Human resource is a very vital part of all organizations. They are responsible for the efficient and effective management of the Human capital. The main functions of Human resource managers are tracking the data points of each and every employee and staff member. Along with tasks such as selection, placement payroll and evaluati on. In order to make a reduction in the excessive work load of these activities organizations started to employ individuals to handle these specific areas and thus there came the human resource departments. And these days with technology at its peak these tasks are also being taken care of by automated computer based programs. Making it possible for the work of three separate human resource managers to be done by one that too with the click of a mouse key. This is the reason that the questions stated earlier regarding the need for HR departments have started coming up. In an attempt to answer the above stated questions, I would first like to state that Human resource management is a full department which comprises of not one but several individuals all known and Human resource managers. Human resource managers are all trained and equipped with knowledge in various fields and each possess specialized training in a certain field or industry and together they take care of training areas such as: MENTORING: That is a process of training and guiding new staff members by either doing it personally or assigning new members and potential candidates to already existing staff members in order to let them gain on the job learning and training. This is also a form of training where individuals receive hands on training and experience in their respective fields, before they are sent to take over their respective duties. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT: Human resource departments and managers are responsible providing opportunities of professional growth and development for all existing staff members. This is done by providing new courses and seminars along with workshops so that staff members can be kept up to date with changing trends in their respective fields. TALENT IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT: This is a very important area in human resource management. This is an aspect which allows the opportunity of hiring well rounded and highly motivated employees. This aspect requires the human resource manager being able to identify and see exactly where and what other talents are possessed by the various hired staff members and how they can be used and employed to achieve the maximum amount of employee output and company benefit. SKILL MANAGEMENT & PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT: Skill management and talent management are interlinked qualities and it is the responsibility of all human resource ma

Business Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Decision Making - Essay Example Statistically speaking, there are two types of hypothesis namely, the null and the alternative hypotheses. During a statistical test, the null hypothesis is tested against the alternative hypothesis. It should be noted that "null" means nothing and that null hypothesis means that nothing is present (Hyperstat Online 2008). Statistical tests are conducted in order to test the viability of the null hypothesis. On the other hand, the alternative hypothesis is an alternative hypothesis which can be assumed if the null hypothesis is rejected. In the case of snack foods, hypothesis testing can be used in order to make business decisions. For example, the company is deciding whether to launch a healthier brand of corn chips to target weight watchers. After an intensive and extensive data gathering, the company wants to test if the introduction will have an impact in their current market share of 35%. Thus, they will need to conduct either one or two tailed test. A one-tailed test looks for an increase or decrease in the parameter under consideration while a two-tailed test looks for any change in the parameter. We will illustrate this further by applying the five steps in hypothesis testing. The first step in hypothesis testing is stating the null hypothesis. For both one and two tailed test, the null hypothesis that the market share will remain 35% can be stated as Ho: x = 36%.